|
|
RHODE
ISLAND - USA
The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (commonly known as
Rhode Island) is geographically the smallest state in the United States.
Rhode Island (pronounced "Rode Island") is part of the New England region,
and was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in
the American Revolution. It originally consisted of the mainland Providence
Plantations, which was originally all part of the town of Providence, and
Aquidneck Island, on which Newport, Middletown, and Portsmouth are located.
History
Rhode Island Colony was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams after being
banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious views. He
settled at the tip of Narragansett Bay near the Moshassuck River, calling
the site Providence and declaring it as a place of religious freedom for
Baptist settlers. Historically, the land of Rhode Island is unique because
it was purchased twice, once from the King of England, and once from the
Native American tribes which lived on the land.
Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts for expressing her beliefs
that people could talk to God by themselves, not necessarily through a
minister. She and some others made founded the town of Portsmouth in present-day
Rhode Island.
On May 18, 1652 Rhode Island passed the first law in North America making
slavery illegal.
Charles II of England granted John Clarke a Royal Charter on July 8, 1663 to
Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only one of the thirteen colonies that
had complete religious freedom. Under the terms of the charter, only
landowners could vote. Before the Industrial Revolution, when most people
were employed as farmers, this was considered democratic. As the Industrial
Revolution moved large numbers of workers into the cities, a permanently
landless, and therefore voteless class developed. By 1829, 60% of the
state's free white males were ineligible to vote.
Several attempts had been made to address this problem, but none passed. In
1842 Thomas Dorr drafted a liberal constitution which was passed by popular
referendum. However the conservative sitting governor, Samuel Ward King,
opposed the people's wishes, leading to the Dorr Rebellion. Although this
collapsed, a modified version of the constitution was passed in November,
which allowed any white male to vote that owned land or could pay a $1 poll
tax.
Rhode Island was the last state to ratify the United States Constitution
(May 29, 1790) and did so only under the threat of being declared a foreign
nation and having its exports taxed.
Law and Government
The capital of Rhode Island is Providence and its current governor is Donald
Carcieri (Republican). Its two U.S. Senators are John "Jack" Reed (Democrat)
and Lincoln Chafee (Republican). Its two U.S. Congressmen are Patrick J.
Kennedy (Democrat, district one) and Jim Langevin (Democrat, district two).
Geography
Rhode Island is bordered on the north and east by Massachusetts, on the west
by Connecticut, on the southwest by New York (sea border), and on the south
by Rhode Island Sound and the North Atlantic Ocean. Narragansett Bay is a
major feature of the state's topography. Block Island lies off the southern
coast.
Economy
Rhode Island's 1999 total gross state product was $33 billion, placing it
45th in the nation. Its 2000 per capita Personal Income was $29,685, 16th in
the nation. Rhode Island's agricultural outputs are nursery stock,
vegetables, dairy products, and eggs. Its industrial outputs are fashion
jewelry, fabricated metal products, electric equipment, machinery,
shipbuilding and boatbuilding, and tourism.
Demographics
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2003, Rhode Island's population
was estimated at 1,076,164 people.
The racial makeup of the state is:
85% White
8.7% Hispanic or Latino
4.5% Black
2.3% Asian
0.5% American Indian or Alaska Native
5% from other races
2.7% belong to two or more races
The top 5 ancestry groups in Rhode Island are Italian (19%), Irish (18.4%),
English (12%), French (10.9%), Portuguese (8.7%).
The 5 largest religions in Rhode Island are Roman Catholic (51%),
Episcopalian (8%), Baptist (6%), Christian (4%), Jehovah's Witnesses (2%).
15% of the population is nonreligious.
6.1% of Rhode Island's population were reported as under 5, 23.6% under 18,
and 14.5% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 52% of the
population.
Important cities and towns
Providence
Westerly
For a more exhaustive list,
see List of cities in Rhode Island
Newport
Woonsocket
Warwick
Cranston
Pawtucket
Cumberland
East Providence
Westerly
Education
Providence is home to a number of schools including Brown University, the
Rhode Island School of Design, and Providence College.
Rhode Island has several state colleges and universities, the University of
Rhode Island, located in Kingston in the southern part of the state and
Rhode Island College in Providence.
Colleges and universities
Brown University
Bryant College (a business school)
Johnson & Wales University
Naval War College
New England Institute of Technology
Community College of Rhode Island
Providence College
Rhode Island College
Rhode Island School of Design
Roger Williams University
Salve Regina University
University of Rhode Island
Arts
WaterFire Providence
Convergence art festival
First Night Providence
Trinity Theater
Professional sports teams
Pawtucket Red Sox, AAA (minor league baseball) affiliate of the Boston Red
Sox
Providence Bruins, AHL (minor league hockey) affiliate of the Boston Bruins
Miscellaneous information
Area: 1,545 mile˛ (4,002 km˛)
Population: 1,048,319 (2000)
Capital: Providence
Counties: 5 (see: List of Rhode Island counties)
Bird: Rhode Island Red (A chicken)
Flower: Violet
Tree: Red Maple
Nicknames: The Ocean State, Little Rhody
Official State Rock Cumberlandite
|
|
