|
|
EUREKA SPRINGS, ARKANSAS - USA
Eureka Springs is a town located in the Ozark Mountains of northwest
Arkansas. The entire town of Eureka Springs is on the National Register of
Historic Places and is one of the most popular tourist destinations in
Arkansas.
Description
Eureka Springs is a unique Victorian village in Clark County, Arkansas which
has its own curious culture and lifestyle. The city has a distinct European
flavor with steep winding streets filled with Victorian-style cottages and
manors.
The old commercial section of the city has an
alpine character. The buildings are primarily constructed of local stone and
lie along streets that curve around the hills and rise and fall with the
topography in a five mile long loop. Some buildings have street level
entrances on more than one floor. The local Catholic Church boasts a street
level entrance in its bell tower.
Most of the stores and shops in the commercial district are locally owned
and managed. They consist primarily of boutique type specialty shops
featuring local crafts, antiques, the works of local artists, and standard
Ozark tourist fare. The downtown area also features various coffee shops and
sidewalk cafes. The town has over 20 art galleries in the downtown area.
The city is dominated by a 7-story, 2 million pound, white concrete statue
of Jesus Christ known as the Christ of the Ozarks Statue. The statue sits
across the valley from the downtown area and is visible from most parts of
the city.
The city boasts two beautiful lakes and two scenic rivers in the immediate
area. The city also maintains a trolley service providing transportation
around town for the thousands of tourists that arrive each year.
Eureka Springs has been selected as one of America's Distinctive
Destinations by the National Trust for Historic Preservation.
History
The Eureka Springs area had a reputation as a tourist destination well
before the first pioneers reached Arkansas. Several Native American legends
tell of a Great Healing Spring in the Eureka Springs area.
This reputation continued as Europeans arrived on the scene and the waters
of the springs gained a reputation of having magical powers. Within a short
time Eureka Springs was transformed into a flourishing city, spa, and
tourist destination.
Dr. Alvah Jackson first located the spring and claimed that the waters of
Basin Spring had cured his eye ailments in 1856. Dr. Jackson established a
hospital in a local cave during the American Civil War and used the waters
from Basin Spring to treat his patients. After the war Jackson marketed the
spring waters as "Dr. Jackson's Eye Water". The Ozarka Water Company was
later formed in Eureka Springs.
In 1879 Judge J.B. Saunders, a friend of Jackson, claimed that his crippling
disease was cured by the spring waters. Saunders started promoting Eureka
Springs to friends and family members across the State and created a
boomtown. Within a period of one year the city had transformed itself from a
rural spa village to a major city of 10,000 people.
On 4 July 1879 Eureka Springs was incorporated as a city. Thousands of
visitors came to the springs based on Saunders promotion and covered the
area with tents and shanties. Late in 1879 the town reached a population of
10,000. In 1881 Eureka Springs enjoyed the status of Arkansas's fourth
largest city.
After his term as a reconstruction Governor, Powell Clayton moved to heavily
unionist Eureka Springs and began promoting the city and its commercial
interests. Clayton promoted the town as a retirement community for the
wealthy and Eureka Springs soon became known for gracious living and a
wealthy lifestyle. A memorial to Clayton still exists in downtown Eureka
Springs.
In 1882 the Eureka Springs Improvement Company was formed to attract a
railroad to the city. Eureka Springs soon established itself as one of the
premier vacation resorts of the Victorian era. The town experienced a
construction boom and thousands of homes and commercial enterprises were
constructed in only two years. These Victorian buildings still exist and are
responsible for the entire town of Eureka Springs being placed on the
National Register of Historic Places.
In 1886 the magnificent Crescent Hotel was constructed at the top of the
mountain and attracted a wealthy clientele. The hotel is a member of the
"Historic Hotels of America" organization. The Hotel has been restored and
is one of Arkansas's premier luxury hotels.
At the turn of the 20th century the fortunes of Eureka Springs began to
decline. The national focus on science and technology lessened the
attractiveness of Eureka Springs and its "magical waters". The Great
Depression hit the town hard with many buildings deteriorating or being torn
down for materials.
As the century progressed the town gained popularity as a retreat for
artists, writers, and intellectuals who were seeking a simple and less
expensive nostalgic lifestyle. Eureka Springs maintains its reputation as a
safe haven for artists and other creative people.
In 1964 controversial Minister Gerald L.K. Smith began construction of a
planned religious theme park at Eureka Springs. The park was never fully
developed as originally planned.
In 1966 the centerpiece of Smith's plan, the Christ of the Ozarks Statue,
was completed overlooking the town on Magnetic Mountain at an elevation of
1500 feet. The sculptor, Emmet Sullivan was one of the sculptors of Mount
Rushmore.
Smith also planned for a life-size recreation of ancient Jerusalem in the
hills near Eureka Springs and did create one of the main gates of the
recreated city. The Elna M. Smith Foundation still resides on the site and
maintains a Bible Museum and continues to slowly work on the Jerusalem
recreation.
The Smith foundation also conducts the famous Great Passion Play each night
during the summer months. Hundreds of actors portray the story of Christ's
crucifixion in an outdoor amphitheater. The play is conducted on the side of
a hill where an impressive permanent set has been constructed complete with
Golgotha and magnificent recreations of Jerusalem's streets.
In recent years the popularity of Branson, Missouri, has both increased the
number of tourists arriving in Eureka Springs but has also impeded on the
town's old world charm. Entrepreneurs have opened country music and
entertainment theaters in the area to mimic the success of Branson. The
influx of guests has also led to increased commercial activity in the form
of franchised fast food businesses that have impacted the town's traditional
restaurants and venues.
Several franchised hotels provide accommodations but the town has a large
number of Victorian homes converted to Bed and Breakfasts which provide more
personalized service and local flavor.
Lifestyle and People
Eureka Springs has a unique eclectic mix of people's and lifestyles. The
city is proud of its reputation as a safe haven for artists and
intellectuals while remaining one of the premier destinations for religious
tourists visiting the various Christian-themed attractions. Visitors to
Eureka Springs can expect to see hippies, artists, bikers, local residents,
preachers, and UFO enthusiasts all gathered at the same place pursuing their
interests.
Events
Eureka Springs is the home to a large number of unique events. The town is a
very popular destination for motorcyclists from around the world and plays
host to annual motorcycle rallies and meets. Each year the town hosts
several auto shows featuring different automobile styles.
The city also boasts an annual UFO conference and a twice yearly Diversity
Weekend. Blues, jazz, folk, and classical music are each celebrated with a
weekend dedicated to the particular genre each year. A well-attended poetry
festival is also held each year.
Geography
Eureka Springs is located at 36°24'11" North, 93°44'18" West (36.403068,
-93.738450)1.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of
17.9 km˛ (6.9 mi˛). 17.6 km˛ (6.8 mi˛) of it is land and 0.4 km˛ (0.1 mi˛)
of it is water. The total area is 2.02% water.
Demographics
As of the census2 of 2000, there are 2,278 people, 1,119 households, and 569
families residing in the city. The population density is 129.7/km˛
(336.2/mi˛). There are 1,301 housing units at an average density of 74.1/km˛
(192.0/mi˛). The racial makeup of the city is 93.94% White, 0.04% Black or
African American, 0.70% Native American, 0.79% Asian, 0.09% Pacific
Islander, 2.28% from other races, and 2.15% from two or more races. 3.99% of
the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 1,119 households out of which 19.2% have children under the age of
18 living with them, 37.4% are married couples living together, 10.9% have a
female householder with no husband present, and 49.1% are non-families.
41.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 13.4% have someone
living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is
1.97 and the average family size is 2.64.
In the city the population is spread out with 17.2% under the age of 18,
5.8% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 33.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who
are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 46 years. For every 100
females there are 81.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there
are 81.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $25,547, and the median
income for a family is $40,341. Males have a median income of $27,188 versus
$17,161 for females. The per capita income for the city is $18,439. 12.2% of
the population and 4.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the
total people living in poverty, 8.7% are under the age of 18 and 13.0% are
65 or older.
|
|
