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SAARBRUCKEN
- GERMANY
Saarbrücken is the capital of the Saarland
Bundesland in Germany. Geographical location 49° 15' North, 6° 58' East.
Population 209,104.
The city is the industrial and transport centre of a great coal basin;
factories here produce iron and steel, sugar, beer, pottery, optical
instruments, machinery, and construction materials.
Historic landmarks in the city include the
stone bridge across the Saar (1546), the Gothic church of St Arnual, the
18th century Saarbruecker Schloss (English castle) and the old part of the
town, the St. Johanner Markt. In 1815 Saarbrücken came under Prussian
control, and for two periods in the 20th century (1919-1935 and 1945-1957)
it became part of the Saar territory under French administration. For this
reason, coupled with its proximity to the French border, it retains a
certain French influence.
The Saar area was incorporated into the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC,
and later came under control of the Franks. In 925 it became part of the
Holy Roman Empire, but a strong French influence continued. From 1381 to
1793 the counts of Nassau-Saarbrücken were the main local rulers. Often a
prize contended for by its stronger neighbours, the area came under French
domination in the 16th century and was incorporated into France in the
1680s. France was forced to relinquish the Saar in 1697, but from 1793 to
1815 regained control of the region. After 1815 much of the area was part of
the Prussian Rhineland Province. During the 19th century the coal and iron
resources of the region were developed.
Under the Treaty of Versailles (1919) the Saar coal-mines were made the
exclusive property of France for a period of 15 years as compensation for
the destruction of French mines during the war. The treaty also provided for
a plebiscite, at the end of the 15-year period, to determine the territory's
future status, and in 1935 more than 90 per cent of the electorate voted for
reunification with Germany. The Saar subsequently rejoined Germany.
Heavily bombed in World War II and made part of the French Zone of
Occupation in 1945, the area was made a separate zone in 1946. Throughout
the late 1940s and early 1950s, the French tried to make the Saar a separate
state. In 1956 the area requested early incorporation into Germany, and on
January 1, 1957, the Saar, under the name Saarland, became a state of the
Federal Republic of Germany.
The city suffered severe damage in World War II. Parts of Saarbrücken were
flooded following record rainstorms in December 1993.
The city is served by Saarbruecken-Ensheim Airport (SCN) and is also the
home of the University of the Saarland (Universität des Saarlands).
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