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The Republic of Ecuador was one of three countries that emerged from the
collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Colombia and Venezuela).
Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts
with its neighbors.
In 1941 a territorial conflict started
between Ecuador and Peru which led to the "Protocolo de Rio de Janeiro"
signed in January 29, 1942. Still several wars between the two countries
carried on until October 26, 1999 when presidents Jamil Mahuad (Ecuador) and
Alberto Fujimori (Peru) signed the "Acta de Brasilia". Peru gave 1 square-kilometer
(called "Tiwintza") to Ecuador inside its territory where 14 soldiers are
buried; also both countries signed commerce and navigation agreements in
which Ecuador have unrestricted navigation rights on the Amazon river.
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